Using the Sine Function to Find the Angle
(KS3, Year 8)
In this formula, θ is an angle of a right triangle, the opposite is the length of the side opposite the angle and the hypotenuse is the length of longest side. sin−1 is the inverse sine function (see Note). The image below shows what we mean:
How to Use the Sine Function to Find the Angle of a Right Triangle
Finding the angle of a right triangle is easy when we know the opposite and the hypotenuse.Question
What is the angle of the right triangle shown below?Step-by-Step:
1
Start with the formula:
θ = sin−1 (opposite / hypotenuse)
Don't forget: sin−1 is the inverse sine function (it applies to everything in the brackets) and / means ÷
2
Substitute the length of the opposite and the length of the hypotenuse into the formula. In our example, the opposite is 2 cm and the hypotenuse is 4 cm.
θ = sin−1 (2 / 4)
θ = sin−1 (2 ÷ 4)
θ = sin−1 (0.5)
θ = 30°
Answer:
The angle of a right triangle with an opposite of 2 cm and a hypotenuse of 4 cm is 30°.Remembering the Formula
Often, the hardest part of finding the unknown angle is remembering which formula to use. Whenever you have a right triangle where you know two sides and have to find an unknown angle... ......think trigonometry... ...............think sine, cosine or tangent... ........................think SOH CAH TOA.Looking at the example above, we know the Opposite and the Hypotenuse.
The two letters we are looking for are OH, which comes in the SOH in SOH CAH TOA. This reminds us of the equation:
Sin θ = Opposite / Hypotenuse
We want the angle, θ, not the sine of the angle, sin θ. To do this, we need to taken the inverse sine, sin−1 (see Note).
θ = Sin−1 (Opposite / Hypotenuse)
Interactive Widget
Here is an interactive widget to help you learn about the sine function on a right triangle.What Is the Inverse Sine Function?
The inverse sine function is the opposite of the sine function. The sine function takes in an angle, and gives the ratio of the opposite to the hypotenuse:The inverse sine function, sin−1, goes the other way. It takes the ratio of the opposite to the hypotenuse, and gives the angle:
Switch Sides, Invert the Sine
You may see the sine function in an equation:To make θ the subject of the equation, take the inverse sine of both sides. The inverse sine cancels out the sine on the left hand side of the equals side, so the equation looks as below:
Comparing the two equations, the sine has moved from one side of the equals sign to the other and has changed from sin to sin−1.
(Note: the reverse is also true. A sin−1 can be moved to the other side of the equals sign, where it becomes a sin.)
Other Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Just as the sine function has an inverse, so do the cosine and tangent functions.Worksheet
This test is printable and sendable