The Lesson
We can find the median of a set of numbers. Imagine a teacher wanted to find the class's average test score in mathematics.How to Find the Median
The median is found by ordering the numbers and finding the middle number. The middle number is slightly different depending on whether there are an odd or even number of numbers in the set.- If there are an odd number of numbers, the median is simply the middle number in the set.
- If there are an even number of numbers, the median is halfway between the middle two numbers. (It is the mean of the middle two numbers).
Odd Numbered Set
Question
What is the median of the test scores below?
Step-by-Step:
1
List the numbers in numerical order (going from the smallest to the largest number).
7 10 8 6 4 → 4 6 7 8 10
2
Find the middle number. In our example, the middle number is the 3rd number of 5.
4 6 7 8 10
Median = 7
Answer:
The median of the test scores is 7.
Even Numbered Set
This time, 6 students take a mathematics test.
Question
What is the median of the test scores below?
Step-by-Step:
1
List the numbers in numerical order (going from the smallest to the largest number).
8 9 5 6 5 10 → 5 5 6 8 9 10
2
Find the middle two numbers. In our example, the middle two numbers are the 3rd 4th numbers of 6.
5 5 6 8 9 10
Middle two numbers = 6 8
3
Answer:
The median of the test scores is 7.
A Formula to Find the Middle Number
In the two examples above, we have quoted that the 3rd number is the middle of 5 and that the 3rd and 4th are the middle two of 6.
It is relatively easy to see by eye where the middle number is when there are relatively few of them and they are written out in front of us. It may not always be this easy.
Luckily, there is a formula for finding which is the middle number.
In this formula, n is how many numbers there are in the set.
Let's apply this formula to the two examples above.
-
In the first example, we are asked to find the median of 5 numbers (7, 10, 8, 6 and 4). This means that n = 5.
Using the formula to find the middle number gives:
Middle number = (n + 1) ÷ 2 = (5 + 1) ÷ 2 = 6 ÷ 2 = 3
The median of 7 10 8 6 4 is the 3rd number when they are ordered:
7 10 8 6 4 → 4 6 7 8 10
Median = 7
-
In the second example, we are asked to find the median of 6 numbers (8, 9, 5, 6, 5 and 10). This means that n = 6.
Using the formula to find the middle number gives:
Middle number = (n + 1) ÷ 2 = (6 + 1) ÷ 2 = 7 ÷ 2 = 3.5
The median of 8 9 5 6 5 10 is the 3.5th number when they are ordered, which means halfway between the 3rd and 4th numbers:
8 9 5 6 5 10 → 5 5 6 8 9 10
Halfway between 3rd and 4th numbers = (6 + 8) ÷ 2 = 7
Median = 7
Top Tip
The Median is the Middle
The median gives the number exactly in the middle of a set of numbers.
Half of the numbers in the set are less than the median.
Half of the numbers in the set are greater than the median.
Note
Outliers
Sometimes in a group of numbers, a few of them are much larger...
3, 5, 2, 7, 150
...or much smaller than the rest:
1, 502, 847, 564, 980
These relatively large (150) or small (1) numbers are called outliers.
The median is not affected by outliers, unlike the mean. For example, consider the numbers:
1, 2, 3
The mean is 2 and the median is 2.
If instead the numbers have a large outlier:
1, 2, 300
The median is still 2 but the mean is now 101.
If you read about the average salary in a country, ask if it is the mean or median average?
The mean average may dragged up by some very rich people, while the median won't be.
How to Find the Median from a Frequency Table
Sometimes data is presented in frequency tables.
A frequency table representing the test scores is shown below:
It is possible to find that the median test score is 7.
finding the median from a frequency table
Question
What is the median of the test scores below?1
List the numbers in numerical order (going from the smallest to the largest number).
7 10 8 6 4 → 4 6 7 8 10
2
Find the middle number. In our example, the middle number is the 3rd number of 5.
4 6 7 8 10
Median = 7
Question
What is the median of the test scores below?Step-by-Step:
1
List the numbers in numerical order (going from the smallest to the largest number).
8 9 5 6 5 10 → 5 5 6 8 9 10
2
Find the middle two numbers. In our example, the middle two numbers are the 3rd 4th numbers of 6.
5 5 6 8 9 10
Middle two numbers = 6 8
3
Answer:
The median of the test scores is 7.A Formula to Find the Middle Number
In the two examples above, we have quoted that the 3rd number is the middle of 5 and that the 3rd and 4th are the middle two of 6. It is relatively easy to see by eye where the middle number is when there are relatively few of them and they are written out in front of us. It may not always be this easy. Luckily, there is a formula for finding which is the middle number.In this formula, n is how many numbers there are in the set. Let's apply this formula to the two examples above.
-
In the first example, we are asked to find the median of 5 numbers (7, 10, 8, 6 and 4). This means that n = 5.
Using the formula to find the middle number gives:
Middle number = (n + 1) ÷ 2 = (5 + 1) ÷ 2 = 6 ÷ 2 = 3The median of 7 10 8 6 4 is the 3rd number when they are ordered:
7 10 8 6 4 → 4 6 7 8 10
Median = 7
-
In the second example, we are asked to find the median of 6 numbers (8, 9, 5, 6, 5 and 10). This means that n = 6.
Using the formula to find the middle number gives:
Middle number = (n + 1) ÷ 2 = (6 + 1) ÷ 2 = 7 ÷ 2 = 3.5The median of 8 9 5 6 5 10 is the 3.5th number when they are ordered, which means halfway between the 3rd and 4th numbers:
8 9 5 6 5 10 → 5 5 6 8 9 10
Halfway between 3rd and 4th numbers = (6 + 8) ÷ 2 = 7
Median = 7
Top Tip
The Median is the Middle
The median gives the number exactly in the middle of a set of numbers. Half of the numbers in the set are less than the median. Half of the numbers in the set are greater than the median.Note
Outliers
Sometimes in a group of numbers, a few of them are much larger...
3, 5, 2, 7, 150
...or much smaller than the rest:
1, 502, 847, 564, 980
These relatively large (150) or small (1) numbers are called outliers.
The median is not affected by outliers, unlike the mean. For example, consider the numbers:
1, 2, 3
The mean is 2 and the median is 2.
If instead the numbers have a large outlier:
1, 2, 300
The median is still 2 but the mean is now 101.
If you read about the average salary in a country, ask if it is the mean or median average?
The mean average may dragged up by some very rich people, while the median won't be.
How to Find the Median from a Frequency Table
Sometimes data is presented in frequency tables. A frequency table representing the test scores is shown below:It is possible to find that the median test score is 7.
finding the median from a frequency table